Neuropathy is a variation of nerve damage that is estimated to impact more than twenty million American people. It usually comes with other health issues including cancer, diabetes, shingles, injury, or an autoimmune disease.
“Neuropathy presents a spectrum of symptoms,” says Dr. Daniel DiCapua, a Yale Medicine neurologist. Symptoms could include sharp pain, burning sensations, numbness or muscle frailty. For many patients, Dr. DiCapua says these symptoms are simply a nuisance. However, for others, the impacts of neuropathy can be incapacitating.
The personnel at Yale Medicine have both in-depth expertise and the innovative equipment to diagnose neuropathy effectively. They also offer treatments that both decrease discomfort and offer the best chance to reverse the ailment.
What Is the Cause of Neuropathy?
Those with neuropathy undergo “mis-firing” of the peripheral nerve cells (those that transfer signals between the brain and different areas of the body). The outcome can range from pain to total loss of sensation.
Up to fifty percent of those with diabetes experience some type of neuropathic pain.
Other health issues related to neuropathy include cancer, shingles, autoimmune disease, and certain types of injury. It is unclear to physicians the reasons why nerve damage results from those ailments.
What Are the Different Kinds of Neuropathy?
There are four major classifications of neuropathy.
Motor: Generated by damage to nerve cells that regulated muscles and motion. Those with motor neuropathy are going to usually undergo control and coordination loss in their extremities, or difficulty speaking.
Sensory: Sensory feelings like a gentle touch to the skin or pain are regulated by sensory nerves. If this grouping of nerves gets damaged, those with this type of neuropathy usually lose those vital “feeling” senses.
Autonomic Nerve: Autonomic nerve damage can be risky, since the nerve cells control involuntary bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat. Damage to those cells could lead to significant respiratory and heart issues.
Combination Neuropathies: The most general combination of neuropathies is sensory and motor, with a lot of patients afflicted from sensation and motor control loss. Separate combinations of neuropathic pain are also feasible.
What Are the Symptoms of Neuropathy?
Early signs of neuropathy can include muscle weakness, shaking or cramps, in addition to a feeling of pins and needles or loss of sensation, or dizziness.
As the condition advances, patients may also experience instability, emotional tension or difficulty sleeping.
Many patients gripe about the loss of feeling in their feet or have issues with motor control. Others feel neuropathic pains in their feet, hands, their legs, and back, which can make the mere act of sitting—or lying down—very challenging.
How Is Neuropathy Diagnosed?
A conclusive diagnosis of neuropathy can be challenging since there are so many different types. Diagnostic methods like electromyography (EMG), which assess nerve and muscle function, help neurologists recognize the exact source and kind of nerve damage. This assessment, and others like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) scans additionally help.
When the cause of neuropathy is still not clear, physicians are going to carry out skin biopsies that can identify damage in specific nerve cells. The findings from these tests should uncover if the signs are caused by neuropathy or some other ailment.
How Is Neuropathy Treated?
The most practical means to treat neuropathy is to address the primary causes, like diabetes, vitamin insufficiencies, infection, autoimmune ailments, or cancer. When the nerve cell damage is mild, patients might regain function and endure less pain once their condition is managed.
However, for most patients, neuropathy is going to become a chronic condition that requires lifelong control. Whereas common painkillers can be used for treating neuropathy, continual and drawn-out opioid use could lead to undesirable side effects and addiction. Therefore, physicians prefer to provide patients care for their specific neuropathy-associated symptoms.
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